The lowess normalization is described in the following paper

Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation

* Yee Hwa Yang^1 , Sandrine Dudoit^2 , Percy Luu^3 , David M. Lin^3 , Vivian Peng^3 ^,4 , John Ngai^3 ^,4 ^,5 and Terence P. Speed^1 ^,6 ^,*

http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/4/e15#FN1 *


^1 Department of Statistics, ^2 Division of Biostatistics, ^3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, ^4 Functional Genomics Laboratory and ^5 Neurogenomics Center, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3860, USA and ^6 Division of Genetics and Bioinformatics, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia

Received October 3, 2001; Revised November 20, 2001; Accepted December 1, 2001.

http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/4/e15